By nature, women generally have instinctive needs to raise and nurture children. The fulfillment of these needs is natural and healthy. Emotional abuse occurs only when the mother attempts to use the child or teen to fulfill needs which are not consistent with those of an emotionally healthy adult. Emotional abuse occurs, in other words, when the mother tries to fill those needs of hers which normally would have already been filled during a healthy childhood and adolescence.

It might help to consider the distinction between the emotional needs of a child, of an adolescent and of an adult.

A child has a need to feel loved. A child has a need to feel secure. A child has a need to feel protected. A child has a need to feel approved of.

A teen has a need to feel independent and in control of himself and over his environment.

Both children and teens have a need to feel accepted and respected. Both children and teens have a need to feel appreciated and valued.

For the species to survive, the emotional needs of the adults must compliment those of the children. For example, while the child needs to feel loved, safe, secure, and protected, the adults must need to feel loving, non-threatening, secure, and protective. While the child needs to feel respected and accepted, the adults needs to feel respectful and accepting. While the child needs to feel appreciated, the adult needs to feel appreciative for the gift of nature that is called “their child.”

If the mother did not feel adequately loved, safe, secure, protected, appreciated, valued, accepted and respected before giving birth, she will, in all likelihood, attempt to use the child (and later the teen) to fill these needs. If she did not feel adequately in control of her own life as a child and teen, she can be expected to try to control her son or daughter as compensation. This is the recipe for emotional abuse.

To fill her unmet need for respect, a mother might try to demand that her daughter “respect” her. To fill her unmet need to feel loved, the mother might try to manipulate the son into performing what she perceives as acts of love. To fill her unmet need to feel appreciated, the mother might try to spoil her daughter or she might constantly remind the daughter of all the things she does for her and all the sacrifices she makes for her.

Mothers are particularly adept at emotional manipulation. They are skilled in setting up their sons and daughters to fill their unmet emotional needs left over from childhood and adolescence. Ultimately, though, this arrangement fails. It is impossible for a son or daughter to fully meet the unmet childhood and adolescent emotional needs of the parent. A child or teen can not be the filler of someone else’s needs when they have their own needs. This is a clear case of role reversal, the consequences of which are very serious.

A child in this situation feels overwhelmed, facing an impossible burden yet still trying his or her best to do the impossible. The child will necessarily feel inadequate as he fails to do the impossible. By the time the child is a teen, he will feel not only inadequate, but drained and empty. He will feel insecure and afraid of failure, disapproval, rejection and abandonment. The implicit, if not explicit, message has always been “if you don’t fill Mother’s needs, she will reject or abandon you.”

The teenager will have also learned that it is is impossible to make mother happy. No matter what the teen has done to try to make her happy it is never enough. So the teenager starts to feel like a failure, or “failful” as opposed to successful. This shatters his or her self-esteem.

This, briefly, is the danger of the emotionally needy, and therefore, emotionally abusive mother.

General Characteristics of Emotionally Abusive Mothers:

* Making the child/teen feel responsible for the mother’s feelings.
* Threatening them in general.
* Threatening them specifically with rejection or abandonment.
* Threatening them with vague, unstated consequences.
* Using force upon them.
* Invalidating their feelings.
* Laying undeserved guilt on them.
* Placing undeserved blame on them.
* Dominating the conversations.
* Refusing to apologize.
* Always needing to have the last word.
* Judging or rejecting their friends.
* Sending them to their rooms for crying.
* Locking them out of the house.
* Using punishments and rewards to manipulate and control them.
* Invading their privacy.
* Under-estimating them.
* Failing to show trust in them.
* Labeling them.
* Criticizing them.
* Giving them the silent treatment.
* Failing to give them real explanations.
* Giving non-explanations such as “because it is wrong” or “because it is inappropriate” or “because it is a sin.”
* Slapping.

Steve Hein – eqi.org/eabuse1.htm

I am a self-abuser, self-mutilator, self-harmer. Whatever label you give my behaviour, I use a razor blade as a coping strategy. The first time I cut myself, I was 15. My life had been shattered by the bullying I experienced at school. Most of the taunts were related to my acne – I was known as “pizza-face” during my four years at middle school. I had no friends, I was incredibly lonely, and became introspective, finding solace in the security of my own company.

When I was nine, and already plagued with self-doubt, I discovered I had epilepsy. The illness turned my life upside down. I was no longer able to trust my body. I had no control over its actions and felt it had betrayed me.

As I got older, I increasingly felt that I was worthless. Sexually, and within relationships, I would let people do anything to me. I felt it was rude to say no – I had no right to refuse them. These events always felt totally out of my control. Things simply “happened” to me.

Finally, I stopped eating in an attempt to take control. This way, I was all-powerful, looking down on the weak who succumbed to food. I could survive on air. Watching others eat repulsed me – I was God-like in comparison, existing on a higher plane, but sliding further into self-disgust each time I gave in and ate.

One sunny afternoon, shortly after my 15th birthday, I lay in bed feeling a desperate need to do something, anything, to stop the pain that felt like a physical ache in my abdomen.

To this day, I do not know what made me do it, but I found myself with a razor in my hand. I ran the blade lightly across my wrist. I felt a mild stinging sensation and, slowly, small bubbles of blood began to appear. I felt elation, terror, fascination and disgust. An enormous rush of adrenalin surged through me, followed by a deep sense of calm. The chaos in my head ceased. All was simple, nothing complicated. The feelings of anger, hatred and confusion had subsided. I felt that I had been tranquillised, numbed.

During the following years, I found myself time and time again in that place, blood pouring over my wrists, and staining my clothes and sheets. I took to carrying a razor at all times, because once I felt the urge to cut I had to do so, by any possible means.

There was no one really to intervene. My mother had been in a mess since my parents divorced when I was 13; she knew I was unhappy, but she was too caught up in her own difficulties. I was taken to the doctor a couple of times, but I did not think there was anything wrong with me, and I was very good at convincing other people of the same thing.

Cutting myself became an addiction – I felt better each time I did it. And, as with all addictions, I began to need a bigger high to find the same relief. Every cut, conversely, took a huge amount of courage and strength; each time I hoped I would injure myself more severely than before. Several times I ended up in hospital. Several times I hit veins, and once even an artery, as I worked toward annihilating my physical self. Yet still I felt I did not deserve medical or professional help.

By this time, cutting was such a part of my life that I simply could not comprehend that it was strange, or wrong, or symptomatic of deeper problems. By the time I was 16-17, I was cutting every day, many times, deeply, savagely, and simply pulling down my sleeves to hide the wounds. Still, nobody knew what I was doing.

Cutting is so complex it is hard to put into words what caused me to do it. Something small, but which caused me to turn grey with horror at the stupidity of what I had said or done, would be enough. Sometimes, the pain was so bad, I could not see, or think, or breathe. On these occasions, I would cut to relieve the agony. It was the only way I knew of coping.

I would cut with rage and bitterness, totally out of control. I was fuelled by self-hatred: hating the way I looked, or walked, or spoke, hating not being intelligent, or well-read, enough. I hated meeting someone who intimidated me.

Sometimes I could feel nothing. These were the most frightening times. I was numb; totally, completely. I was unaware of existing, unsure I was alive. People seemed not to notice me, or what I was going through. At these times, I cut for the plain reason that I needed confirmation that I was alive. I had to have proof that blood ran through my veins.

Occasionally, I would cut only to see if I still could do it. The courage each injury took was breathtaking. When I had not cut for a day or so, I would have to do so to prove to myself that I was still strong enough – that I could still cut deeper than the last time.

By now, I was attending a sixth-form college, trying to sit four A-levels. I occasionally went to class, but usually spent the day sitting on the floor of the refectory smoking, reading or writing. I retreated to the world inside my head, in which mental torment was glamorous, desirable, sexy, creatively essential even, for, as Larkin said, “happiness doesn’t provoke a poem”.

I managed to survive one semester at university before I stopped turning up to lectures. My “failure” simply gave me further and further ammunition with which to fuel my self- destruction. All I wanted, desired, hoped for, was the total obliteration of self. I had not the strength to kill myself, although if I had ever cut a little too deeply, I am not sure I would have called for help.

As the next few years progressed, I found myself in turmoil constantly. Then things seemed to improve. Even though I only felt a little better for a short time, remembering what it felt like to be able to get out of bed in the morning was an incredible feeling.

Yet my few months of reprieve only highlighted how bad things really were once I began to slip again. This spurred me on to hunt for help for the first time. I went to my doctor, who referred me to a local psychiatry unit.

At the unit, I was prescribed a cocktail of anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, sedatives and tranquillisers, which ultimately, along with talking therapy, got me out of the rut I was in. However, I now understand that these feelings will never leave me completely. They are far too deep, and are too ingrained in what I believe makes up “me”.

Ultimately, self-harm is preservation. It is a survival strategy that the mind employs when it is drained of other resources, much like the cannibalism the physical body engages in during starvation. It is indicative of severe underlying unhappiness. More than anything, a person who self-harms, in any way, is in great distress and unbearable pain.

However socially unacceptable my way of coping may have been, try to understand the difficulties I have every day as a result of my scars. Try to appreciate what a brave thing it is for people like me to wear short sleeves. Instead of making the subject taboo, stigmatising the sufferer and asking ignorant questions; instead of staring open-mouthed at the scars, ask me an intelligent question, in order that I may have a chance to explain.

Clare Gerrard – Friday November 28, 2003

First off, there are those who are reading this who might not know which camp they fall into, the extrovert or the introvert. Chances are, the majority of those reading this will know, but for those who don’t, let’s define those two terms here very broadly.

Extroverts tend to be those who are more energized when around other people. They are the ones who will reach for the cell phone when alone for more than a minute, the ones who love to go out every weekend, the ones who love to chit chat, mingle, and socialize.

Introverts tend to be those who are more energized when alone with themselves. They are the ones who have to be dragged to parties, who are the first ones ready to leave after a short period of time, and who generally enjoy solitary activities such as reading, writing, and daydreaming.

The qualities and characteristics of introverts are often held in a negative light in today’s world, so it’s only natural that the majority of people seem to think that there’s something wrong with them.

The reason why the majority of people think that there’s something wrong with introverts is because the majority of people aren’t very knowledgeable when it comes to introverts, in terms of why they are the way they are and why they do the things they do.

Many people tend to hold several potentially damaging misconceptions about introverts, but through no fault of their own.

I’ve been on both sides of the extrovert/introvert fence, and I can understand why extroverts tend to view introverts in a negative light, socially speaking, so I thought it would be best to write an article dedicated to helping extroverts understand their often very misunderstood introvert counterparts.My hope is this article will help solve that problem by shedding some light as to why introverts are the way they are and do the things they do, so here are 5 things every extrovert should know about introverts.

My hope is this article will help solve that problem by shedding some light as to why introverts are the way they are and do the things they do, so here are 5 things every extrovert should know about introverts.

1. If a person is introverted, it does NOT mean they are shy or anti-social.

This is probably THE biggest misconception that extroverts tend to have when it comes to introverts.

And you can’t really blame them for having that kind of misconception.

Extroverts tend to have to drag introverts to parties, to convince them to go and sell them on attending social engagements. When introverts politely decline, extroverts automatically assume that something might be wrong so they always ask if everything’s all right and of course, everything is all right. It’s just a common misunderstanding. When extroverts see a pattern like this developing, they automatically assume that introverts are shy or anti-social as that can be the only logical explanation to them.

What’s more, when extroverts try to engage introverts in small talk, it seems like they hit a brick wall.

Add to that, most extroverts see that introverts tend to be fond of engaging in solitary activities such as reading, writing, and daydreaming.Well, if it walks like a duck, talks like a duck, it must be a duck right?

Wrong.

Introverts have more brain activity in their frontal lobes and when these areas are activated through solitary activity, introverts become energized through processes such as problem solving, introspection, and complex thinking.

Extroverts on the other hand tend to have more activity in the back of their brain, areas that deal with processing sensory information from the external world, so they tend to search for external stimuli in the form of interacting with other people and the outside world to energize them.

There’s a deeper science to this that involves differences in the levels of brain chemicals such as acetylcholine and dopamine in extroverts and introverts, but I won’t get into that.

The bottom line is that introverts are just wired differently than extroverts. There’s nothing “wrong” with them. They just become energized through different processes depending on where the majority of their brain activity takes place.

Granted there are introverts who may be shy and anti-social, but that’s just a coincidence that perpetuates the myth that ALL introverts are like that.

You’ll find that all introverts are fine just the way they are until people begin to subtly suggest otherwise.

2. Introverts tend to dislike small talk.

If you really want to engage an introvert in conversation, skip the small talk. Introverts tend to love deep conversations on subjects that interest them. They love to debate, go past the superficial and poke around the depths in people’s minds to see what’s really going on in there. Most, if not all introverts tend to regard small talk as a waste of time, unless it’s with someone new they just met.

This characteristic probably contributes to another misconception that extroverts have of introverts – the misconception that all introverts are arrogant.

Why?

Because extroverts notice that introverts don’t talk that much with other people. Therefore, extroverts assume that introverts think they’re too good to talk to others, hence arrogant and that’s hardly the case.

It’s just a matter of preference.

Extroverts thrive on small talk. Introverts abhor it.

There’s nothing wrong with either choice, it’s just a matter of preference.

This brings us to the third point.

3. Introverts do like to socialize – only in a different manner and less frequently than extroverts.

Yes, it’s true. Contrary to the majority of public opinion, introverts do like to socialize, but again, only in a different manner and less frequently than extroverts.

Introverts love anything that involves deep conversation. They get energized by discussing subjects that are important to them and they love see what and how other people think, to connect the dots, to dig deep, to find root causes, to use logical thinking via debate in conversation, etc.

And what’s more, introverts can do a lot of things extroverts are naturally good at – give great speeches, schmooze with everyone, be the life of the party, charm the socks off of total strangers – but only for a short period of time. After that, they need time for themselves which brings us to the fourth point.

4. Introverts need time alone to recharge.

Extroverts tend to think introverts have something against them as they constantly seem to refuse generous invites to social engagements. Introverts do appreciate the offers, but it’s just that they know it will take a lot of energy out of them if they pursue these social functions.They need time alone like they need food and water. Give them their space. There’s nothing wrong with them. They’re not depressed and they’re not sad. They just need time alone to recharge their batteries.

5. Introverts are socially well adjusted.

Most introverts are well aware of all the social nuances, customs, and mannerisms when it comes to interacting with other people, but they simply don’t socialize as much as extroverts, which makes it easy for extroverts to assume that introverts are not socially well adjusted, as they have not seen much evidence of them interacting with other people.

This just exacerbates previous misconceptions and gives way to labeling introverts as nerds, geeks, loners, etc.It’s easy to understand why society tends to value extroverts over introverts. Human beings have lived in a tribal society so having to interact frequently with people came to be a regarded as a very good skill when it came to survival.

But because of this high value placed on extroversion, introverts tend to feel trapped and find themselves in a catch 22 situation.

Do introverts stay true to who they are and risk social alienation and isolation or do introverts conform and join the extroverted side, pretending to be somebody they’re not just to fit in?

This is precisely why I wrote this article, because if the extroverts can become more educated about introverts, introverts will be able to feel free to stay true to who they are, and that’s a good thing from society’s point of view.

Trying to “turn” an introverted person into an extroverted person is detrimental because it gives off a subtle suggestion that there is something wrong with them, hampering their self worth and esteem when there is absolutely nothing wrong in the first place.

There’s nothing wrong with introverts.

In fact, introverts are the leading pioneers of advancements in human civilization. Albert Einstein, Issac Newton, Charles Darwin are a few introverts that come to mind, just to name a few.

And for those of you not interested in science, but pop culture, you’ll be surprised to see a lot of well known names in Hollywood are introverts as well. Julia Roberts, Steven Spielberg, Tom Cruise to name a few as well.

And for those interested in sports, Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods come to mind as athletes who are introverts as well.

Introverts have a lot to bring to the table. They have an amazing ability to discover new thoughts, an uncanny ability to focus, to concentrate, to connect the dots, to observe and note things that most people miss, to listen extremely well and are often found having a rich and vivid imagination too.

The more extroverts become knowledgeable about introverts, the less tension and misunderstanding there will be among the two.

So if you’re an introvert reading this, send a copy of this article to all your extrovert friends so they can get a better idea of what you’re all about.

It’s time to finally clear the air.

BrianKim.net – http://www.briankim.net